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		<title>L&#8217;utilisation des tableaux de bords applicatifs</title>
		<link>http://blog.securactive.net/?p=735</link>
		<comments>http://blog.securactive.net/?p=735#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 23 Jul 2010 17:23:18 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>dcabrol</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[APS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Astuces SecurActive]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Contenu en Français]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Performance réseau]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[application performance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[DNS Network Performance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Performance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ressenti Utilisateur]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[RTT]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tableau de bord]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Le tableau de bord est un rapport disponible sur un seul écran qui permet de visualiser toutes les informations pertinentes liées à la performance d&#8217;une application et comprendre comment une celle-ci se comporte dans le temps. Ces tableaux de bord sont disponibles dans SecurActive APS version 1.7 Ils ont l&#8217;avantage d&#8217;être : un point d&#8217;entrée [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Le tableau de bord est un rapport disponible sur un seul écran qui permet de visualiser toutes les informations pertinentes liées à la performance d&#8217;une application et comprendre comment une celle-ci se comporte dans le temps. Ces tableaux de bord sont disponibles dans SecurActive APS version 1.7</span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Ils ont l&#8217;avantage d&#8217;être : </span></span></p>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">un 	point d&#8217;entrée pour aider à la résolution d&#8217;incidents </span></span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">un outil de communication pour les services de direction et les 	opérationnels permettant de connaître le comportement en temps réel et d&#8217;une façon historisée de l&#8217;application</span></span></li>
</ul>
<h1 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">En quoi cela consiste? </span></span></span></h1>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Il s&#8217;agit d&#8217;un ensemble de trois éléments qui propose des informations clés sur la performance d&#8217;une application métier.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span></p>
<div class="mceTemp mceIEcenter" style="text-align: justify;">
<dl id="attachment_725" class="wp-caption    aligncenter" style="width: 310px;">
<dt class="wp-caption-dt"><a rel="attachment wp-att-725" href="http://blog.securactive.net/?attachment_id=725"><img class="size-medium wp-image-725" title="Overhall view of application dashboard" src="http://blog.securactive.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/Overhall-view-of-application-dashboard-300x232.png" alt="" width="300" height="232" /></a></dt>
<dd class="wp-caption-dd">Illustration 1 : Overall view of the application Dashboard / Vue d&#8217;ensemble d&#8217;un tableau de bord applicatif</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>Comment peut-il aider?</strong></span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><em><strong>Pour le reporting</strong></em></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Dans un unique rapport, vous pouvez expliquer à un utilisateur métier ou un un responsable comment la performance de l&#8217;application se comporte au fil du temps, quels serveurs ont subit des dégradations et quelles zones IP (VLAN, WAN, Wireless, etc.) ont été impactées.</span></span></span></p>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">RTT 	– Performance réseau </span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">SRT 	 – Performance Serveur </span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">DTT 	– Livraison de la réponse applicative à travers le réseau</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><em><strong>Pour la résolution d&#8217;incidents</strong></em></span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Pour les administrateurs réseau, ce rapport fournit toutes les informations sur une application métier demandée:</span></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">valider 	s&#8217;il y a la présence d&#8217;un ralentissement </span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">identifier 	l&#8217;origine des ralentissements (réseau, application, livraison de la 	réponse)</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">quels 	utilisateurs ou serveurs ont été impactés </span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">En un seul clic, vous en pouvez conclure s&#8217;il y a eu un ralentissement ou pas, quelle a été l&#8217;origine de la dégradation, et quelles zones clients ont été impactées.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">En un second clic (c&#8217;est à dire 2 clics au total !), vous pouvez déterminer si tous les clients de la zone ont été impactés ou si la dégradation des temps de réponse serveur est due à une autre application hébergée sur le même serveur</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>Composants</strong></span></span></span></p>
<h2><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><em><strong>1er élément : L&#8217;évolution du temps de réponse utilisateur dans le temps</strong></em></span></span></span></h2>
<div id="attachment_727" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 310px"><a rel="attachment wp-att-727" href="http://blog.securactive.net/?attachment_id=727"><img class="size-medium wp-image-727" title="EURT graph" src="http://blog.securactive.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/EURT-graph-300x148.png" alt="" width="300" height="148" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Illustration 2 : EURT Graph / Graphique EURT</p></div>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ce graphique EURT montre: </span></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">l&#8217;évolution 	du ressenti utilisateur concernant une application sur une période 	de temps</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Le 	nombre de transaction vous aide a prendre en considération l&#8217;évolution de l&#8217;EURT avec rigueur et bon sens (vous ne 	considérerez pas la dégradation de l&#8217;EURT pour 10 transactions 	applicative de la même manière que pour 10 000 transactions)</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">La répartition de l&#8217;EURT en 3 composants compréhensibles (RTT pour la latence réseau, SRT pour le temps de réponse Serveur et DTT pour le temps de transfert) vous permet d&#8217;identifier, dans une première approche, quelle est l&#8217;origine éventuelle de cette dégradation de performance.</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Par exemple dans la copie d&#8217;écran ci-dessus, nous pouvons observer une augmentation du temps de réponse du serveur, en remarquant que le temps nécessaire pour envoyer la réponse au client n&#8217;a pas augmenté. Soit le serveur, au global, répond lentement, soit des queries spécifiques prennent un temps de traitement plus important (informations accessibles dans les données de détails).</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>2ème élément: EURT par Serveur</strong></span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><strong> </strong></span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span></span></p>
<div id="attachment_728" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 310px"><a rel="attachment wp-att-728" href="http://blog.securactive.net/?attachment_id=728"><img class="size-medium wp-image-728" title="EURT by server" src="http://blog.securactive.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/EURT-by-server-300x133.png" alt="" width="300" height="133" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Illustration 3 : EURT by server / EURT par Serveur </p></div>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Ce que nous pouvons observer ici est une comparaison de l&#8217;EURT sur une application pour chaque serveur qui héberge cette application.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Dans notre exemple, il est évident qu&#8217;Atlantis a tendance à réagir plus lentement que Brax. En cliquant sur ce serveur, et en consultant un second tableau de bord appelé «tableau de bord Serveur/Application», vous serez en mesure de déterminer si ce phénomène est permanent ou ponctuel et s&#8217;il est dû au chargement de</span> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">cette application ou à une autre application hébergée sur le même serveur.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><em><strong>3ème élément : EURT par Zone Client</strong></em></span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><em><strong> </strong></em></span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><em><strong> </strong></em></span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><em><strong> </strong></em></span></span></span></p>
<p><em><strong> </strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong> </strong></em></p>
<div id="attachment_729" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 310px"><a rel="attachment wp-att-729" href="http://blog.securactive.net/?attachment_id=729"><img class="size-medium wp-image-729 " title="EURT by client zone" src="http://blog.securactive.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/EURT-by-client-zone-300x133.png" alt="" width="300" height="133" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Illustration 4: EURT by Client zone / EURT par Zone Client</p></div>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ce que nous pouvons voir ici c&#8217;est la répartition de l&#8217;EURT pour cette application entre les différentes zones clientes. Dans une première analyse, vous pouvez déterminer quelle zone a été impactée par une dégradation et quels sont les différents niveaux de performance en fonction du ressenti utilisateur (selon l&#8217;endroit où les utilisateurs sont localisés).</span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Par exemple, dans la copie d&#8217;écran ci-dessus, nous pouvons en conclure que une zone a été touchée par une dégradation du temps de réponse du serveur. Egalement, nous observons qu&#8217;il y a des différences significatives entre les zones IP, avec des valeurs du RTT disparates entre chaque zone (latence réseau).</span></span></span></p>
<h1 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">L&#8217;accès au détail à partir des Tableaux de bords</span></span></span></h1>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">SecurActive APS offre deux tableaux de bords supplémentaires:</span></span></span></p>
<ol>
<li><span style="color: #000000;"> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Tableau 	de bord Zone client / Application </span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Tableau 	de bord Serveur / Application</span></span></li>
</ol>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><em><strong>1. Tableau de bord Zone Client / application </strong></em></span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"> </span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Vous pouvez accéder à ce tableau de bord par le menu ou en cliquant sur une zone client spécifique dans le tableau de bord de l&#8217;application.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ce tableau de bord contient trois éléments d&#8217;information : </span></span></span></p>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">le 	graphique de L&#8217;EURT (pour une période sélectionnée), pour une 	zone client et une application </span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">La 	répartition de l&#8217;EURT par serveur (comparaison de la performance 	offerte par les différents serveurs pour cette zone client)</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">L&#8217;EURT par client (identification des clients impactées par le ralentissement, ou identification d&#8217;un client spécifique générant du volume, ou identification d&#8217;un client ayant les moins bonnes performances applicative).</span></li>
</ul>
<div id="attachment_726" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 310px"><a rel="attachment wp-att-726" href="http://blog.securactive.net/?attachment_id=726"><img class="size-medium wp-image-726" title="client zone _application dashboard" src="http://blog.securactive.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/client-zone-_application-dashboard-300x212.png" alt="" width="300" height="212" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Illustration 5: Client zone / application dashboard / Tableau de bord Zone client/ application</p></div>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><em><strong>2 Tableau de bord Serveur / Application</strong></em></span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><em><strong><br />
</strong></em></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Vous pouvez accéder  au tableau de bord soit à partir du menu principal soit en cliquant sur un serveur en particulier à partir du tableau de bord application.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ce tableau de bord contient trois éléments d&#8217;information :</span></span></span></p>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Le graphique de l&#8217;EURT dans la période sélectionnée pour ce serveur et cette application</span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">La 	répartition de l&#8217;EURT par zone client (vous pouvez comparer la 	performance offerte par ce serveur pour différentes zones client)</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Comparaison avec d&#8217;autres applications hébergées par ce serveur (de sorte que vous pouvez identifier si les pics de transaction d&#8217;une autre application a impacté la performance de cette application. Vous pouvez également voir le volume de données, le volume de transaction et les métriques de performance pour toutes les applications hébergées par ce serveur).</span></li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #000000;"> </span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span></p>
<div id="attachment_739" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 310px"><a rel="attachment wp-att-739" href="http://blog.securactive.net/?attachment_id=739"><img class="size-medium wp-image-739" title="server_application dashboard" src="http://blog.securactive.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/server_application-dashboard-300x268.png" alt="" width="300" height="268" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Illustration 7: Server / application dashboard / Tableau de bord serveur / application</p></div>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>Interactions </strong></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Les tableaux de bords ont été développés de sorte qu&#8217;en un simple clic vous puissiez accéder à l&#8217;information qui vous intéresse de manière plus détaillée:</span></span></span></p>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Si 	vous cliquez sur le graphique de l&#8217;EURT (dans un des trois tableaux 	– au choix), vous vous concentrez sur une période de temps courte 	(par exemple un pic temps de réponse serveur  – selon le niveau 	d&#8217;agrégation vous pouvez soit atteindre un faible niveau 	d&#8217;agrégation pour une courte période soit les conversations de 	performance correspondante). Ce clic vous permettra d&#8217;obtenir la 	répartition par serveur et par zone pour la période de temps 	spécifique). </span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Si 	vous cliquez sur un serveur, vous accèderez au tableau de bord 	serveur/application.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Si 	vous cliquez sur la zone client, vous accèderez au tableau de bord 	zone client / application.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #000000;"> </span></p>
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		<item>
		<title>Que signifie le DTT pour le ressenti utilisateur?</title>
		<link>http://blog.securactive.net/?p=689</link>
		<comments>http://blog.securactive.net/?p=689#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 23 Jul 2010 07:42:02 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>dcabrol</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[APS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Analyse réseau]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Astuces SecurActive]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Contenu en Français]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Performance réseau]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[application performance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[data transfer time]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[DTT]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Network Performance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[response]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ressenti Utilisateur]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[RTT]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.securactive.net/?p=689</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[DTT signifie «Data transfer Time», il représente le temps nécessaire pour transférer la réponse d&#8217;une application sur le réseau du serveur vers le client. Il a un énorme impact sur la perception de la performance pour l&#8217;utilisateur final. Il s&#8217;agit d&#8217;un des trois principaux facteurs qui impacte directement le niveau de satisfaction des utilisateurs quand [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify;" lang="fr-FR"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">DTT signifie «Data transfer Time», il représente le temps nécessaire pour transférer la réponse d&#8217;une application sur le réseau du serveur vers le client.</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Il a un énorme impact sur la perception de la performance pour l&#8217;utilisateur final. </span> </span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Il s&#8217;agit d&#8217;un des trois principaux facteurs qui impacte directement le niveau de satisfaction des utilisateurs quand il doivent avoir accès à leurs applications clés: </span></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: small;"><strong>RTT 	(Round Trip Time)</strong>: Combien de temps prend un paquet pour transiter 	sur le réseau, de la partie cliente vers un serveur et en retour. 	Cette mesure est significative d&#8217;une latence réseau.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: small;"><strong>SRT 	(Server Response Time)</strong> : Combien de temps prend un serveur pour 	répondre à la demande d&#8217;un client (cette mesure correspond à 	l&#8217;intervalle de temps entre la demande du client et l&#8217;arrivée des 	premiers paquets de la réponse envoyée par le serveur). Cela 	représente la capacité du serveur et de l&#8217;application a répondre 	aux requêtes applicatives.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><strong>DTT 	(Data Transfer Time)</strong>: Combien de temps s&#8217;écoule pour le transfert 	de la réponse du serveur vers le client (cette mesure correspond à 	l&#8217;intervalle de temps entre le premier paquet et le dernier paquet 	de la réponse) Cela représente le temps nécessaire pour que 	l&#8217;utilisateur reçoive toute la réponse applicative.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<div id="attachment_687" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 310px"><a rel="attachment wp-att-687" href="http://blog.securactive.net/?attachment_id=687"><img class="size-medium wp-image-687" title="EURT Graph" src="http://blog.securactive.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/EURT-Graph-300x177.png" alt="" width="300" height="177" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">EURT Graph / Graphique EURT</p></div>
<div id="attachment_688" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 307px"><a rel="attachment wp-att-688" href="http://blog.securactive.net/?attachment_id=688"><img class="size-medium wp-image-688" title="Metrics description" src="http://blog.securactive.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/Metrics-description-297x300.png" alt="" width="297" height="300" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Metrics Description / Description des métriques</p></div>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Voici un exemple concret :</span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New';"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">|Time     | 192.168.20.216                        |</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New';"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">|         |                   | 82.237.175.5      | </span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New';"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">|2,814    |         36619 &gt; http [SYN]            |TCP: 36619 &gt; http [SYN] Seq=0 Win=5840 Len=0 MSS=1460         TSV=5337586 TSER=0 WS=6</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New';"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">|         |(36619)  &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&gt;  (80)     |</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New';"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">|2,877    |         http &gt; 36619 [SYN,            |TCP: http &gt; 36619 [SYN, ACK] Seq=0 Ack=1 Win=5792 Len=0 MSS=1452 TSV=165654660 TSER=5337586 WS=6</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New';"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">|         |(36619)  &lt;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;  (80)     |</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New';"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">|2,877    |         36619 &gt; http [ACK]            |TCP: 36619 &gt; http [ACK] Seq=1 Ack=1 Win=5888 Len=0 TSV=5337602 TSER=165654660</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New';"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">|         |(36619)  &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&gt;  (80)     |</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New';"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">|2,877    |         GET /misc/hackers.j           |HTTP: GET /misc/hackers.jpg HTTP/1.1 </span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New';"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">|         |(36619)  &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&gt;  (80)     |</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New';"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">|2,952    |         http &gt; 36619 [ACK]            |TCP: http &gt; 36619 [ACK] Seq=1 Ack=499 Win=6912 Len=0 TSV=165654678 TSER=5337602</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New';"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">|         |(36619)  &lt;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;  (80)     |</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New';"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">|2,952    |         HTTP/1.1 304 Not Mo           |HTTP: HTTP/1.1 304 Not Modified </span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New';"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">|         |(36619)  &lt;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;  (80)     |</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New';"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">|2,952    |         36619 &gt; http [ACK]            |TCP: 36619 &gt; http [ACK] Seq=499 Ack=191 Win=6912 Len=0 TSV=5337620 TSER=165654678</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New';"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">|         |(36619)  &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&gt;  (80)     |</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New';"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">|2,961    |         GET /favicon.ico HT           |HTTP: GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1 </span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New';"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">|         |(36619)  &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&gt;  (80)     |</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New';"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">|3,048    |         HTTP/1.1 404 Not Fo           |HTTP: HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found  (text/html)</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New';"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">|         |(36619)  &lt;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;  (80)     |</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New';"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">|3,085    |         36619 &gt; http [ACK]            |TCP: 36619 &gt; http [ACK] Seq=843 Ack=693 Win=8000 Len=0 TSV=5337654 TSER=165654702</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New';"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">|         |(36619)  &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&gt;  (80)     |</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New';"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">|18,057   |         http &gt; 36619 [FIN,            |TCP: http &gt; 36619 [FIN, ACK] Seq=693 Ack=843 Win=7936 Len=0 TSV=165658456 TSER=5337654</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New';"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">|         |(36619)  &lt;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;  (80)     |</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New';"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">|18,097   |         36619 &gt; http [ACK]            |TCP: 36619 &gt; http [ACK] Seq=843 Ack=694 Win=8000 Len=0 TSV=5341407 TSER=165658456</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New';"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">|         |(36619)  &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&gt;  (80)     |</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New';"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">|27,918   |         36619 &gt; http [FIN,            |TCP: 36619 &gt; http [FIN, ACK] Seq=843 Ack=694 Win=8000 Len=0 TSV=5343862 TSER=165658456</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New';"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">|         |(36619)  &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&gt;  (80)     |</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New';"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">|27,982   |         http &gt; 36619 [ACK]            |TCP: http &gt; 36619 [ACK] Seq=694 Ack=844 Win=7936 Len=0 TSV=165660937 TSER=5343862</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New';"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">|         |(36619)  &lt;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;  (80)     |</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New';"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><br />
</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>Quel phénomène impacte le DTT?</strong></span></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: small;">Latence 	réseau: plus le temps est long pour que chaque paquet transite  à 	travers le réseau, plus l&#8217;utilisateur attendra pour avoir la 	réponse complète.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: small;">La 	taille de la réponse : plus la taille de la réponse est grande, 	plus le temps de transfert sera long.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: small;">Congestion 	de la bande passante : moins la bande passante est disponible, plus 	le temps de transfert de la réponse sera long </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="font-size: small;">Traitement 	prioritaire: la classe de Service pour ce flux a une priorité basse</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="font-size: small;">Retransmission 	et paquets mal formés: plus il y a de retransmission plus cela 	prendra de temps.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #000000;"> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Fenêtre TCP nulle </span></span></li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>Quelles sont les atouts de la mesure EURT?</strong></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">L&#8217;EURT est la somme du RTT, SRT et du DTT. Cette mesure fournit une valeur significative pour représenter la performance perçue par les utilisateurs finaux. En tant que telle, elle offre une valeur objective du ressenti utilisateur sur tout le réseau et pour toutes les applications critiques.</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Cette métrique est un élément central des rapports de performance car il synthétise toutes les informations dont a besoin un décisionnaire en une seule mesure.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"> </span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"> </span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span></span></p>
<div id="attachment_694" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 310px"><a rel="attachment wp-att-694" href="http://blog.securactive.net/?attachment_id=694"><img class="size-medium wp-image-694" title="Client_server table" src="http://blog.securactive.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/Client_server-table-300x91.png" alt="" width="300" height="91" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Client/Server Table / Tableau Client/Serveur </p></div>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong><br />
</strong></span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span></span></p>
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		<title>Pourquoi la retransmission de paquets est-elle représentative d&#8217;une congestion dans votre réseau? Quel est son impact sur le ressenti utilisateur?</title>
		<link>http://blog.securactive.net/?p=542</link>
		<comments>http://blog.securactive.net/?p=542#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 22 Jul 2010 11:06:35 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>dcabrol</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Analyse réseau]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Astuces SecurActive]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Contenu en Français]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Performance réseau]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[application performance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[data transfer time]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[DTT]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Network Performance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[response]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ressenti Utilisateur]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[RTT]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.securactive.net/?p=542</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Contexte Nous étions récemment chez l&#8217;un de nos clients qui vient juste d&#8217;installer une appliance APS dans son data Center. Son infrastructure était plutôt simple : tous leurs serveurs de production étaient dans un data center, Les utilisateurs étaient localisés soit au siège social (où se trouve le data center) soit sur l&#8217;un de leurs sites distants (environ une centaine). [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h1><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>Contexte</strong></span></span></h1>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Nous étions récemment chez l&#8217;un de nos clients qui vient juste d&#8217;installer une appliance APS dans son data Center.</p>
<p>Son infrastructure était plutôt simple :</p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;">tous leurs serveurs de production étaient dans un data center,</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Les utilisateurs étaient localisés soit au siège social (où se trouve le data center) soit sur l&#8217;un de leurs sites distants (environ une centaine). Ces sites étaient tous connectés au siège social par un réseau MPLS.</li>
<li>Ils font partie d&#8217;un grand groupe, dont le data center est connecté au même nuage MPLS, qui fournit l&#8217;accès à plusieurs services centraux comme le DNS, la messagerie électronique (Lotus Notes) et une passerelle internet sécurisée.</li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align: center;"><a rel="attachment wp-att-558" href="http://blog.securactive.net/?attachment_id=558"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-558" title="topologie reseau simplifiée" src="http://blog.securactive.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/topologie-reseau-simplifiée.png" alt="" width="473" height="174" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: center;">Illustration 1 : Topologie  réseau simplifiée</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><strong><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', 'Bitstream Charter', Times, serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><br />
</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<h1><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: large;"></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Rappels</strong></p>
<p></span></span></h1>
<h2><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><em><strong>Retransmission de paquets </strong></em></span></span></span></h2>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Les paquets sont renvoyés après avoir été soit perdus soit endommagés.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">La retransmission de paquets est identifiée grâce à leur séquence TCP, à leur numéro de séquence et aux valeurs du checksum. Seul les paquets ayant une charge utile non-nulle sont vérifiés.</p>
<h2><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><em><strong>Délai de retransmission</strong></em></span></span></span></h2>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Intervalle de temps entre un paquet et la dernière retransmission</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">RD signifie «Retransmission Delay » soit retard dû à la retransmission. RD est défini comme étant le temps entre un paquet et sa dernière retransmission.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">
<p style="text-align: justify;">Illustration 2 : Calcul du délai de retransmission</p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><em><strong>Taux de retransmission</strong></em></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Ratio des paquets retransmis sur nombre total de paquets</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">RR signifie «Retransmission Rate » soit Taux de retransmission. RR est défini comme un ratio des paquets retransmis sur le nombre de paquets dans une conversation.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
<p style="text-align: center;">
<div id="attachment_559" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 222px"><a rel="attachment wp-att-559" href="http://blog.securactive.net/?attachment_id=559"><img class="size-medium wp-image-559" title="calcul du retard du à la retransmission" src="http://blog.securactive.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/calcul-du-retard-du-à-la-retransmission-212x300.png" alt="" width="212" height="300" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Illustration 2 : Calcul du retard du à la retransmission</p></div>
<p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>Ce que nous avons observé</strong></span></span></span></p>
<p>Le responsable réseau de notre client nous faisait part de la plainte d&#8217;un de ses utilisateurs finaux, situé sur un site distant. Il se plaignait d&#8217;être victime de lenteur d&#8217;accès à une application située sur le data center. En regardant le graphique de la performance de l&#8217;application, nous avons observé une somme significative de Retransmission Delay (du serveur vers le client) et aucun autre changement à part une légère augmentation du DTT (temps de transfert des données) pour l&#8217;application en question.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
<div id="attachment_561" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 504px"><a rel="attachment wp-att-561" href="http://blog.securactive.net/?attachment_id=561"><img class="size-full wp-image-561" title="exemple de graphique de performance d application" src="http://blog.securactive.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/example-de-graphique-de-performance-d-application.png" alt="Illustration 3: Exemple de graphique de performance d'application" width="494" height="242" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Illustration 3: Exemple de graphique de performance d&#39;application</p></div>
<p style="text-align: center;">
<p style="text-align: justify;">Nous avons élargi notre champ d&#8217;investigation en regardant dans le graphique de la performance du réseau et en nous attachant à toutes les applications (pour les clients situés sur des sites distants et les serveurs du datacenter) : nous avons pu observer que les temps de Retransmission Delay étaient hauts quel que soit l&#8217;application utilisée. Mais aussi que le «Retransmission Delay » (RD) était impacté principalement dans la direction du serveur vers le client.</p>
<div id="attachment_560" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 473px"><a rel="attachment wp-att-560" href="http://blog.securactive.net/?attachment_id=560"><img class="size-full wp-image-560" title="example de graphique de performance" src="http://blog.securactive.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/example-de-graphique-de-performance.png" alt="" width="463" height="249" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Illustration 4 : Exemple de graphique de performance réseau</p></div>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Nous avons fait l&#8217;hypothèse qu&#8217;il devrait y avoir des congestions entre le data center et le site distant dans la direction suivante : Data center → site distant. En conséquence, nous avons regardé le graphique APS relatif à la bande passante pour étudier le trafic entre le data center et le site distant.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Nous avons fait l&#8217;hypothèse qu&#8217;il devrait y avoir des congestionsentre le data center et le site distant dans la direction suivante : Data center → site distant. En conséquence, nous avons regardé le graphique APS relatif à la bande passante pour étudier le trafic entre le data center et le site distant. Nous avons observé un pic de trafic (principalement dû à Windows SUS) qui atteignait 1.2 Mbps; ce qui nous a permis de comprendre que notre client avait un dysfonctionnement dans la mise en œuvre de sa priorisation de flux.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #000000;">Notre client a trouvé cette valeur de 1.2 Mbps intéressante bien que, pour lui, ce ne soit pas au premier coup d&#8217;œil, quelque chose qui lui permette de déterminer si cela était bien une congestion. Car en effet, la bande passante disponible sur le site distant était de 2 Mbps (et le maximum de bande passante disponible sur le data center était de 80 Mbps et seulement une très faible quantité de cette bande passante était utilisée).</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #000000;">Nous avons donc décidé de nous pencher sur le graphique SNMP fourni pour le routeur du site distant par son opérateur telecom. Ce graphique de bande passante, nous a permis de voir que le trafic entrant de 2Mbps sur 30 minutes, était constant.</span></p>
<h1><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>Conclusion sur le sens des retransmissions</strong></span></span></span></h1>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Les retransmissions sont significatives et vous devriez examiner les retransmissions pour déterminer :</p>
<ul>
<li><span style="color: #000000;">si 	elles sont intermittentes ou continues</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #000000;">quel 	est le périmètre à observer (de quelle (s) zone (s) client pour 	tous les 	serveurs ou pour un seul).</span></li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #000000;">Nous avons appris que certains paquets n&#8217;atteignent pas les autres hôtes ou que les acquittements ne retournent pas vers l&#8217;émetteur.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Dans un sens, la direction des retransmissions (serveur → client ou client → serveur) peut être peu significative, car la congestion provoque des retransmissions dans les deux sens (par exemple, une congestion d&#8217;un serveur vers un client pourrait générer quelques retransmissions d&#8217;un serveur vers un client – les paquets envoyés par le serveur ne reçoivent pas assez rapidement l&#8217;acquittement et le serveur les retransmet &#8211; et du client vers le serveur – car même si les paquets venant du client vers le serveur arrivent assez rapidement, l&#8217;acquittement des paquets du serveur vers le client souffre d&#8217;une congestion et le client retransmet les paquets originaux). Vous devriez garder en mémoire que l&#8217;équilibre des retransmissions entre un client→serveur et serveur→client dépend aussi de l&#8217;équilibre du trafic entreces deux directions.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
<p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>Conclusion relative à l&#8217;impact du «retransmission delay» sur le ressenti utilisateur</strong></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong> </strong></span></span>Dans les deux sens, le «Retransmission Delay» est un bon indicateur de la dégradation du réseau sur la qualité du ressenti utilisateur.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Dans un sens, le «Retransmission Delay» est guidé par la quantité de données envoyées dans cette direction. Cette valeur correspond au temps additionnel pour qu&#8217;un utilisateur puisse obtenir ses données.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">La retransmission a une seconde conséquence sur le temps requis pour recevoir les données : quand il y a une retransmission, la machine réinitialise ses fenêtres TCP et la taille du buffer à sa taille minimum par défaut. Cela signifie qu&#8217;à chaque fois qu&#8217;il y a une retransmission, le débit revient à un niveau très bas puis augmente progressivement. Si la retransmission est fréquente alors le débit revient toujours au niveau minimum et n&#8217;atteint jamais le niveau optimal. Ceci provoque alors un temps de transfert des données plus important, car le débit pour transférer une réponse applicative reste très lent. Ce phénomène est-ce que nous appelons communément le <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>TCP </strong></span><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>Slow-Start (voir</strong></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slow-start">http</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slow-start"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slow-start</strong></span></span></a><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>)</strong></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span> </span></span></p>
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		<title>What does DTT mean for the user&#8217;s Quality of Experience?</title>
		<link>http://blog.securactive.net/?p=534</link>
		<comments>http://blog.securactive.net/?p=534#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 19 Jul 2010 17:02:56 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>brogier</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Content in English]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Network Analysis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Network Performance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Network and analysis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Performances réseaux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[SecurActive Tips]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[application performance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[data transfer time]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[DTT]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[quality of experience]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[response]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[RTT]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[DTT stands for Data Transfer Time; it represents the time required to transfer the application response over the network from the server to the client. It has a huge impact on the perception of performance of the End User. It is one of the three main factors that impacts directly the level of satisfaction of [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: small;">DTT stands for Data Transfer Time; it represents the time required to transfer the application response over the network from the server to the client. It has a huge impact on the perception of performance of the End User.</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: small;">It is one of the three main factors that impacts directly the level of satisfaction of users with regards to their access to key application:</span></span></p>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: small;"><strong>RTT (Round Trip Time)</strong>: how much time does it take for a packet to travel through the network from the client to the server and back. It is significant of the network latency.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: small;"><strong><span style="font-family: opensymbol;">S</span>RT (Server Response Time)</strong>: how much time does it take for the server to respond to a client&#8217;s request (it corresponds to the time interval between the client&#8217;s request and the first packet of the response sent by the server). It is significant of the Server and application&#8217;s ability to respond to requests.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: small;"><strong><span style="font-family: opensymbol;">D</span>TT (Data Transfer Time)</strong>: how much time does it take to transfer the response to the client over the network (it corresponds to the time interval between the first packet and the last packet of the response). It is significant of the time required for the user to receive the whole applicative response.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<div id="attachment_687" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 310px"><a rel="attachment wp-att-687" href="http://blog.securactive.net/?attachment_id=687"><img class="size-medium wp-image-687" title="EURT Graph" src="http://blog.securactive.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/EURT-Graph-300x177.png" alt="" width="300" height="177" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">EURT Graph / Graphique EURT</p></div>
<div id="attachment_688" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 307px"><a rel="attachment wp-att-688" href="http://blog.securactive.net/?attachment_id=688"><img class="size-medium wp-image-688" title="Metrics description" src="http://blog.securactive.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/Metrics-description-297x300.png" alt="" width="297" height="300" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Metrics Description / Description des métriques</p></div>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
<div style="text-align: justify;"><em> </em></div>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em><br />
</em></p>
<p><span>Here is a concrete example: </span></p>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New';"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">|Time     | 192.168.20.216                        |                              |         |                                                                     | 82.237.175.5      | </span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New';"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">|2,814    |         36619 &gt; http [SYN]            |TCP: 36619 &gt; http [SYN] Seq=0 Win=5840 Len=0 MSS=1460         TSV=5337586 TSER=0 WS=6 |   |(36619)  &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&gt;  (80)     |</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New';"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">|2,877    |         http &gt; 36619 [SYN,            |TCP: http &gt; 36619 [SYN, ACK] Seq=0 Ack=1 Win=5792 Len=0 MSS=1452 TSV=165654660 TSER=5337586 WS=6||(36619)&lt;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;  (80)|</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New';"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">|2,877    |         36619 &gt; http [ACK]            |TCP: 36619 &gt; http [ACK] Seq=1 Ack=1 Win=5888 Len=0 TSV=5337602 TSER=165654660|            |(36619)  &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&gt;  (80)     |</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New';"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">|2,877    |         GET /misc/hackers.j           |HTTP: GET /misc/hackers.jpg HTTP/1.1|         |(36619)                                              &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&gt;  (80)     |</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New';"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">|2,952    |         http &gt; 36619 [ACK]            |TCP: http &gt; 36619 [ACK] Seq=1 Ack=499 Win=6912 Len=0 TSV=165654678 TSER=5337602|          |(36619)  &lt;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;  (80)     |</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New';"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">|2,952    |         HTTP/1.1 304 Not Mo           |HTTP: HTTP/1.1 304 Not Modified|         |(36619)                                                   &lt;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;  (80)     |</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New';"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">|2,952    |         36619 &gt; http [ACK]            |TCP: 36619 &gt; http [ACK] Seq=499 Ack=191 Win=6912 Len=0 TSV=5337620 TSER=165654678|        |(36619)  &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&gt;  (80)     |</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New';"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">|2,961    |         GET /favicon.ico HT           |HTTP: GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1|         |(36619)                                                   &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&gt;  (80)     |</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New';"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">|3,048    |         HTTP/1.1 404 Not Fo           |HTTP: HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found  (text/html) |         |(36619)                                        &lt;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;  (80)     |</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New';"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">|3,085    |         36619 &gt; http [ACK]            |TCP: 36619 &gt; http [ACK] Seq=843 Ack=693 Win=8000 Len=0 TSV=5337654 TSER=165654702|        |(36619)  &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&gt;  (80)     |</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New';"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">|18,057   |         http &gt; 36619 [FIN,            |TCP: http &gt; 36619 [FIN, ACK] Seq=693 Ack=843 Win=7936 Len=0 TSV=165658456 TSER=5337654|   |(36619)  &lt;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;  (80)     |</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New';"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">|18,097   |         36619 &gt; http [ACK]            |TCP: 36619 &gt; http [ACK] Seq=843 Ack=694 Win=8000 Len=0 TSV=5341407 TSER=165658456|        |(36619)  &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&gt;  (80)     |</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New';"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">|27,918   |         36619 &gt; http [FIN,            |TCP: 36619 &gt; http [FIN, ACK] Seq=843 Ack=694 Win=8000 Len=0 TSV=5343862 TSER=165658456    |(36619)  &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&gt;  (80)     |</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New';"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">|27,982   |         http &gt; 36619 [ACK]            |TCP: http &gt; 36619 [ACK] Seq=694 Ack=844 Win=7936 Len=0 TSV=165660937 TSER=5343862|        |(36619)  &lt;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;  (80)     |</span></span></div>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span> <span style="font-family: arial;"><strong><span style="font-size: large;">What phenomena impacts the DTT?</span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span>Network latency: the longer it takes for each packet to get through the network, the more time the end user will wait for the whole response.</span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span>Size of the response: the larger the response is, the more time it takes to transfer it.</span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span>Bandwidth congestion: the least bandwidth is available, the more time it will take to transfer the response.</span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Priority handling: the QoS class for this flow has a low priority</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Retransmission and out of order packets: the more retransmission there is, the more time it will take.</span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span style="font-family: Verdana;">TCP 0 window</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong><span style="font-size: large;">What is great about EURT measurement?</span></strong></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: small;">EURT is the sum of RTT, SRT and DTT. It provides a meaningful value to represent the performance perceived by End Users. As such it provides an objective value for the QoE (quality of experience) of users throughout the network and for all critical applications.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: small;">This metric is central in the performance reporting because it synthesizes all the information a decision maker is looking for in one single figure.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
<div id="attachment_694" class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 652px"><a rel="attachment wp-att-694" href="http://blog.securactive.net/?attachment_id=694"><img class="size-full wp-image-694" title="Client_server table" src="http://blog.securactive.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/Client_server-table.png" alt="" width="642" height="195" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Client/Server Table / Tableau Client/Serveur </p></div>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
<h1 style="text-align: justify;"><strong> </strong></h1>
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		<title>Why is retransmission  representative of congestion on your network? What is its impact on user experience?</title>
		<link>http://blog.securactive.net/?p=530</link>
		<comments>http://blog.securactive.net/?p=530#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 19 Jul 2010 16:49:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>brogier</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Content in English]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Network Analysis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Network Performance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Network and analysis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Performances réseaux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[SecurActive Tips]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bandwidth]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[congestion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fast retransmissions]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[packet loss]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[quality of experience]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[retransmission]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.securactive.net/?p=530</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Context I was recently at a customer who just installed an APS unit in their Data Center. Their infrastructure was fairly simple: they had all their production servers in the data center, their users were located either in the headquarters (where the data center is located) or in one of their nearly 100 remote sites; [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h1><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong><span style="font-size: large;">Context</span></strong></span></h1>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">I was recently at a customer who just installed an APS unit in their Data Center.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">Their infrastructure was fairly simple:</span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">they had all their production servers in the data center,</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">their users were located either in the headquarters (where the data center is located) or in one of their nearly 100 remote sites; these sites were connected to the headquarters through an MPLS network. </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">they are part of a larger group, whose data center is connected to the same MPLS cloud, that provides access to some central services like DNS, mail (Lotus Notes) and  access to a secured Internet gateway.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<p><img src="https://docs.google.com/a/securactive.net/File?id=d92fmrb_57f775nfdm_b" alt="" /></p>
<p><em><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">Illustration </span></span><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">1</span></span><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">: Simplified network topology</span></span></em></p>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong><span style="font-size: large;">Reminders</span></strong></span></p>
<h2><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong><em><span style="font-size: medium;">Retransmission</span></em></strong></span></h2>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">Packets being resent, after having been either lost or damaged.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">Packet Retransmission is identified thanks to their TCP sequence and acknowledgement numbers, and checksum values. Only packets with a non-null payload are checked.</span></span></p>
<h2><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong><em><span style="font-size: medium;">Retransmission Delay</span></em></strong></span></h2>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">Time Delay between a packet and the last retransmission.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">RD stands for Retransmission Delay. RD is defined as the time between a packet and its last retransmission.</span></span></p>
<p><em><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">Illustration </span></span><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">2</span></span><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">: Retransmission delay calculation</span></span></em></p>
<h2><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong><em><span style="font-size: medium;">Retransmission Rate</span></em></strong></span></h2>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">Ratio of retransmitted packets to the total number of packets.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">RR stands for Retransmission Rate. RR is defined as the ratio of retransmitted packets to the total number of packets in a conversation.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
<div id="attachment_559" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 222px"><a rel="attachment wp-att-559" href="http://blog.securactive.net/?attachment_id=559"><img class="size-medium wp-image-559 " title="calcul du retard du à la retransmission" src="http://blog.securactive.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/calcul-du-retard-du-à-la-retransmission-212x300.png" alt="" width="212" height="300" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Illustration 2 :  Retransmission Delay Calculation / Calcul du retard du à la retransmission</p></div>
<h1><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong><span style="font-size: large;">What we observed</span></strong></span></h1>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">The customer&#8217;s network manager was first referring to a complaint from an end user regarding a slow access from their remote site to an application located in their data center.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">By looking at the application performance chart, we saw a significant amount of Retransmission Delay (from server to client) and no other change apart from a slight increase in the DTT (Data Transfer Time) for the application in question.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
<div id="attachment_561" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 310px"><a rel="attachment wp-att-561" href="http://blog.securactive.net/?attachment_id=561"><img class="size-medium wp-image-561  " title="exemple de graphique de performance d application" src="http://blog.securactive.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/example-de-graphique-de-performance-d-application-300x146.png" alt="Illustration 3:  Example of Application Performance Chart / Exemple de graphique de performance d'application" width="300" height="146" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Illustration 3 : Example of Application Performance Chart / Exemple de graphique de performance d&#39;application</p></div>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', 'Bitstream Charter', Times, serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><br />
</span></span></em></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">We extended our scope of investigation by looking at the network performance chart for all applications (for clients located in the remote sites and servers in the data center): we  observed that </span></span><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">the retransmission delay was high, regardless of which application was being used. Also, that the RD occurred mostly in the direction from Server to Client.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
<div id="attachment_560" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 310px"><a rel="attachment wp-att-560" href="http://blog.securactive.net/?attachment_id=560"><img class="size-medium wp-image-560 " title="example de graphique de performance" src="http://blog.securactive.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/example-de-graphique-de-performance-300x161.png" alt="" width="300" height="161" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Illustration 4 : Example of Network Performance Chart / Exemple de graphique de performance réseau</p></div>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', 'Bitstream Charter', Times, serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><br />
</span></span></em></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">I made the hypothesis that there might be some congestion between the data center and the remote site in the direction DC → remote site. So we looked at the bandwidth graph of the APS for the traffic between the data center and the remote site: we  observed a peak of traffic (mainly due to Windows SUS &#8211; which told me a lot about the lack of control of their network &amp; system administration traffic flows) reaching 1.2Mbps.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">The customer found the value of 1.2Mbps interesting, although not enough at first glance for him to be convinced that there was a congestion&#8230; because the bandwidth available on the remote site end was 2Mbps (and the maximum bandwidth available on the DC end was 80Mbps, and only a very low amount of this maximum bandwidth was being used).</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">So we decided to check on the SNMP graphs provided by their telecom operator for the remote site router&#8230; and the bandwidth graph was showing a flat line at 2Mbps for 30 minutes for the incoming traffic.</span></span></p>
<h1><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong><span style="font-size: large;">Conclusion on the meaning of retransmissions</span></strong></span></h1>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">Retransmissions are significant and you should have a look at retransmissions to determine:</span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">whether they are intermittent  or continuous</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">what is the perimeter where you can observe them (for which client zone(s), for all servers or one)</span></span></li>
</ul>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">What they tell us in the end is that some packets are not reaching the other hosts or that  acknowledgment packets are not getting back to the sender.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">The direction of the retransmission (server → client or client → server) may not be so significant as a congestion in one way may induce retransmission in both ways (for example, congestion from server to client would generate some retransmissions from server to client &#8211; the packets sent by the server do not get acknowledged fast enough and the server retransmits them- and from the client to the server &#8211; because even though the packets from the client to the server reach the server fairly fast, the acknowledgment packets from the server to the client suffer from the congestion and the client </span></span><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">retransmits the original packets). You should also keep in mind that the balance of retransmission between client → server and server → client also depends on the balance of traffic between both directions.</span></span></p>
<h1><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong><span style="font-size: large;">Conclusion on the impact of the retransmission delay on the User Experience</span></strong></span></h1>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">In 2 ways Retransmission Delay is a good indicator of the impact of network degradation on the Quality of Experience of network users:</span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">Retransmission delay in one way is driven by the quantity of data sent in that direction; this value corresponds to the additional time required for a user to get all their data.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">Retransmission has a secondary consequence on the time required to receive  data: when there is a retransmission, the host resets its TCP window and the size of the buffer to its minimum default size. This means that each time there is a retransmission, the throughput is going back to a very low level and then start increasing again progressively. If retransmissions are frequent, then the throughput often goes back to a minimum level  and never reaches an optimal level. This means a much larger Data Transfer Time, because the throughput to transfer the applicative response remains very low. This phenomenon is what is usually called a <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">TCP Slow-Start</span></strong> (see <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slow-start">http<span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span><span style="font-size: small;">://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slow-start</span></span></span></a>) </span></span></li>
</ul>
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		<title>The use of application dashboards</title>
		<link>http://blog.securactive.net/?p=523</link>
		<comments>http://blog.securactive.net/?p=523#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 19 Jul 2010 16:42:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>brogier</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Content in English]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Network Performance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[SecurActive Tips]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[application performance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[dashboard]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[DNS Network Performance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Performance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[quality of experience]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[RTT]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.securactive.net/?p=523</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Dashboard are a report fitting on a single screen that put together all relevant information to understand how the application is doing. They are present in APS from version 1.7. It is extremely useful : as a starting point for troubleshooting as a tool to communicate to management and business users on how the application [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">Dashboard are a report fitting on a single screen that put together all relevant information to understand how the application is doing. They are present in APS from version 1.7.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">It is extremely useful</span></span> <span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">:</span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">as a starting point for troubleshooting</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">as a tool to communicate to management and business users on how the application is actually performing</span></span></li>
</ul>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong><span style="font-size: large;">What does it consist in?</span></strong></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">It is a set of three elements that  display key information on the performance of a business application.</span></span></p>
<p><img src="https://docs.google.com/a/securactive.net/File?id=ddqkvprk_0hqjz8kdr_b" alt="" width="510" height="394" /></p>
<p><em><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">Illustration </span></span><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">1</span></span><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">: Overall view of the application dashboard</span></span><br />
</em></p>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong><span style="font-size: large;">How can it help?</span></strong></span></p>
<h2><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong><em><span style="font-size: medium;">For reporting</span></em></strong></span></h2>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">In a single report you have enough to explain a business user or a manager how the application performance went through time, which servers were doing worse and which zones were impacted. On top of the EURT, all this is based on 3 synthetic metrics that are easy to explain, so that you can address non-technically aware people with an understandable speech about «</span></span> <span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">what is going on</span></span> <span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">»</span></span> <span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">:</span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">RTT – network performance</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">SRT – Server Performance</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">DTT – Delivery of application response through the network.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<h2><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong><em><span style="font-size: medium;">For troubleshooting</span></em></strong></span></h2>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">For network administrators this report brings together all the information about a business application required to:</span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">validate whether there is a slowdown or not</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">identify the origin of a slowdown (network, application, response delivery)</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">which users or servers were impacted</span></span></li>
</ul>
<p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';">In no more than one click, you can conclude on whether there was a slowdown or not, what was the origin of the degradation, which client zones were impacted.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">With a single additional click (i.e. 2 clicks in total!), you can view whether all clients in a zone were impacted or if the server response time degradation was due to another application hosted on the same server machine.</span></span></p>
<h1><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong><span style="font-size: large;">Components</span></strong></span></h1>
<h2><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong><em><span style="font-size: medium;">1</span></em></strong></span><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong><em><sup><span style="font-size: x-small;">st</span></sup></em></strong></span><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong><em><span style="font-size: medium;"> element</span></em></strong></span><strong><em> </em></strong><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong><em><span style="font-size: medium;">: the evolution of End User Response Time through time</span></em></strong></span></h2>
<p><img src="https://docs.google.com/a/securactive.net/File?id=d92fmrb_74dgnhfng2_b" alt="" /></p>
<p><em><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">Illustration </span></span><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">2</span></span><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">: EURT graph</span></span></em></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">This EURT graph shows</span></span> <span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">:</span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">the evolution of the quality of experience for users of this application over the period of time</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">the number of transactions help you consider the evolution of EURT with rigor and common sense (you would not consider a degradation of EU Response Time for 10 applicative transactions in the same way as for 10,000).</span></span></li>
</ul>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">The breakdown of EURT in 3 intelligible components (RTT for network latency, SRT for Server Response Time and DTT for Data Transfer Time) let you know at first glance what is the origin of the possible performance degradation.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">For example in the screen-shot here-above, we can observe an increase in the Server Response Time; the network and the time required to send the response to the client have not increased. Either the server overall responded slower or some specific queries required a much larger treatment time (you can determine this by drilling down to that specific point of time).</span></span></p>
<h2><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong><em><span style="font-size: medium;">2</span></em></strong></span><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong><em><sup><span style="font-size: x-small;">nd</span></sup></em></strong></span><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong><em><span style="font-size: medium;"> element: EURT by Server</span></em></strong></span></h2>
<p><img src="https://docs.google.com/a/securactive.net/File?id=d92fmrb_75d87vtvc5_b" alt="" /></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><em><span style="font-size: small;">Illustration </span></em></span><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><em><span style="font-size: small;">3</span></em></span><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><em><span style="font-size: small;">: EURT by server</span></em></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">What we can see here, is a comparison between the EURT for that application on each server that </span></span><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">provides this application.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">In this case, it is obvious that Atlantis tend to respond much slower than Brax. By clicking on it having a looking at a second dashboard called Server / Application dashboard, we shall be able to determine if this permanent or punctual and whether this due to the load on this application or on another one hosted on the same server.</span></span></p>
<h2><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong><em><span style="font-size: medium;">3</span></em></strong></span><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong><em><sup><span style="font-size: x-small;">rd</span></sup></em></strong></span><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong><em><span style="font-size: medium;"> element: EURT by Client zone</span></em></strong></span></h2>
<p><img src="https://docs.google.com/a/securactive.net/File?id=d92fmrb_767bnsjqcf_b" alt="" /></p>
<p><em><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">Illustration </span></span><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">4</span></span><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">: EURT by Client zone</span></span></em></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">What we can see here is a breakdown of the EURT for this application between client zones; at one glance, you can determine which zone was impacted by the degradation and what are the different level of experienced performance depending on where users are located.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">For example, from the screen-shot here-above, we could certainly think that mainly one zone was impacted by the Server Response Time degradation and also that there are some significant differences in performance between zones due to differences in RTT values (network latency).<span> </span></span></span></p>
<h1><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><strong><span style="font-size: large;">Drill down dashboards</span></strong></span></span></h1>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">SecurActive APS offers two additional dashbaords</span></span></p>
<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">Client zone / application dashboard</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">Server / application dashboard</span></span></li>
</ol>
<h2><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong><em><span style="font-size: medium;">1. Client zone / application dashboard</span></em></strong></span></h2>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">You can access this dashboard either through the menu or by clicking on a specific client zone in the Application dashboard.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">This dashboard contains three bits of information:</span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">EURT graph through time for this client zone and this application</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">EURT breakdown by server (so that you can compare the performance offered by different servers to that client zone)</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">EURT per client (so that you can identify whether all clients are impacted by a slowdown, or which individual client generates more volume or has worse application performance).</span></span></li>
</ul>
<p><img src="https://docs.google.com/a/securactive.net/File?id=d92fmrb_77d4ws8vhm_b" alt="" /></p>
<p><em><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">Illustration </span></span><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">5</span></span><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">: Client zone / application dashboard</span></span></em></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">The breakdown by client is interesting to know whether all the zone was impacted or just some individual users and on which component of the EURT (network latency, server response time or data transfer time and for which number of transaction and amount of traffic).</span></span></p>
<div><img src="File?id=d92fmrb_78chsthxf6_b" alt="" /></div>
<p><img src="https://docs.google.com/a/securactive.net/File?id=d92fmrb_78chsthxf6_b" alt="" /></p>
<p><em><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">Illustration </span></span><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">6</span></span><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">: Breakdown by client</span></span></em></p>
<h2><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong><em><span style="font-size: medium;">2. Server / application dashboard</span></em></strong></span></h2>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">You can access this dashboard either through the menu or by clicking on a specific server in the Application dashboard.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">This dashboard contains three bits of information:</span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">EURT graph through time for this server and this application</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">EURT breakdown by client zone (so that you can compare the performance offered to different client zone from that server)</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">Comparison with other applications provided by that server (so that you can identify whether a peak of transactions on another application is impacting the performance of that application, and see the volume of data, transactions and performance metrics for all applications provided by this server).</span></span></li>
</ul>
<p><img src="https://docs.google.com/a/securactive.net/File?id=d92fmrb_79hpvt94d8_b" alt="" /></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><em><span style="font-size: small;">Illustration </span></em></span><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><em><span style="font-size: small;">7</span></em></span><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><em><span style="font-size: small;">: Server / application dashboard</span></em></span></p>
<h1><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong><span style="font-size: large;">Interactions</span></strong></span></h1>
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">Dashboard have been developed so that a single click drives on more detailed information on the object you are most interested in:</span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">If you click on the EURT graph in any of these three dashboards, you make a focus on a shorter period of time (for example a Server Response Time peak – depending on the aggregation level you either reach a lower aggregation level for a shorter period or the corresponding performance conversations). At the same time you will get the server and zone breakdown for that more specific period of time.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">If you click on a server, you reach the Server / application dashboard.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'times new roman';"><span style="font-size: small;">If you click on a client zone, you reach the Client zone / application dashboard.</span></span></li>
</ul>
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		<title>Découvrir en vidéo le nouveau produit SecurActive APS en quelques minutes</title>
		<link>http://blog.securactive.net/?p=493</link>
		<comments>http://blog.securactive.net/?p=493#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 07 Jul 2010 08:51:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>jlbolteau</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[APS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Contenu en Français]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Network Analysis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Network Performance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Performance réseau]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Performances réseaux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[application performance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[dashboard]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[data transfer time]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[DNS Network Performance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[DTT]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[packet loss]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[quality of experience]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ressenti Utilisateur]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[RTT]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.securactive.net/?p=493</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[SecurActive APS &#8211; Analyse d&#8217;une lenteur applicative &#8211; avec commentaires en sous-titres : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u9O4Vt9CWVQ SecurActive APS &#8211; Analyse performance ERP via Dashboard d&#8217;applications &#8211; avec commentaires en sous-titres: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w5E_cjHqtuE SecurActive APS &#8211; Analyse performance de temps de réponse DNS &#8211; avec commentaires en sous-titres: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jSG0ohcNjy0]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><strong>SecurActive APS &#8211;   Analyse d&#8217;une lenteur applicative &#8211; avec commentaires en sous-titres :</strong><br />
<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u9O4Vt9CWVQ">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u9O4Vt9CWVQ</a></div>
<div><strong>SecurActive APS &#8211;  Analyse performance ERP via  Dashboard d&#8217;applications &#8211; avec  commentaires  en sous-titres:</strong><br />
<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w5E_cjHqtuE">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w5E_cjHqtuE</a></div>
<div><strong>SecurActive APS &#8211;  Analyse performance de temps de réponse DNS &#8211; avec  commentaires  en sous-titres:</strong><br />
<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jSG0ohcNjy0">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jSG0ohcNjy0</a></div>
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		<title>Performance issue of a client on a LAN</title>
		<link>http://blog.securactive.net/?p=423</link>
		<comments>http://blog.securactive.net/?p=423#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 19 Apr 2010 18:20:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
		
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.securactive.net/?p=423</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In a network, it is always hard to diagnoze of a performance issue: 1. No error message 2. No change in the behavior of the network 3. The evaluation of the severity is based on human  feedback. This third element results in the following consequences: The end cannot precisely express the issue he/she is experiencing. Often [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In a network, it is always hard to diagnoze of a performance issue:</p>
<p>1. No error message<br />
2. No change in the behavior of the network<br />
3. The evaluation of the severity is based on human  feedback.</p>
<p>This third element results in the following consequences:</p>
<ul>
<li><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The end cannot precisely express the issue he/she is experiencing. Often this leads to a wrong diagnostic, which consists in blaming the network as being slow.</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The evaluation of the concern is based on a subjective assessment. This results in a conflict between the end user and the administrator on the severity of the concern. For example, the administrator may consider this issue as &#8220;non urgent&#8221;, as the end user can still work.</span></li>
</ul>
<p>During the implementation of a SecurActive probe on a network, we have put in place the &#8220;application performance monitoring&#8221; on a  file sharing server (port 445). Through this feature, you can monitor the performance of the filesharing application on this server from all the user&#8217;s LANs. What was our surprise to see the following graph showing a performance issue between a LAN and this file server (no WAN link was used between the client and the server):</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">
<div id="attachment_442" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 543px"><a href="http://blog.securactive.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/RTTout2.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-442 " title="RTTout" src="http://blog.securactive.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/RTTout2.jpg" alt="" width="533" height="363" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">RTTout peak</p></div>
<p>The peak&#8217;s color corresponds to RTT out (reminder: this &#8220;RTT out&#8221; metric illustrates the network latency on the TCP client side).</p>
<div id="attachment_457" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 751px"><a href="http://blog.securactive.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/rttout-EN1.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-457" title="rttout EN" src="http://blog.securactive.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/rttout-EN1.jpg" alt="RTTout measurement" width="741" height="556" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">RTTout measurement</p></div>
<p>By clicking on &#8220;view sessions&#8221;, we could see the corresponding individual conversations and we ran into the IP address of a unique end user.<br />
The administrator then remembered the visit of an end user (whose IP is the one corresponding the diagram above) in the morning, complaining about the performance while accessing a file on this server &#8230;</p>
<div>
<dl id="attachment_397">
<dt> </dt>
<dt> </dt>
<dd> </dd>
</dl>
</div>
<p>Enjoy  o)</p>
<p><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save" href="http://www.addtoany.com/share_save?linkurl=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.securactive.net%2F%3Fp%3D423&amp;linkname=Performance%20issue%20of%20a%20client%20on%20a%20LAN"><img src="http://blog.securactive.net/wp-content/plugins/add-to-any/share_save_171_16.png" width="171" height="16" alt="Share/Bookmark"/></a> </p>]]></content:encoded>
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		<title>Souci de performance d’un client sur un LAN</title>
		<link>http://blog.securactive.net/?p=363</link>
		<comments>http://blog.securactive.net/?p=363#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 19 Apr 2010 18:08:17 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Analyse réseau]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Astuces SecurActive]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Contenu en Français]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[NSS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Performance réseau]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Performances réseaux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[latence]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Network Performance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Performance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[quality of experience]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ressenti Utilisateur]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[RTT]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[RTT sortant]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[RTTout]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[slowdown]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.securactive.net/?p=363</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Dans un réseau ,  il est souvent difficile de diagnostiquer un problème de performance : Pas ou peu de messages d&#8217;erreur Pas de changement de comportement L&#8217;évaluation se fait sur l&#8217;expression d&#8217;une &#8220;impression de lenteur&#8221; manifestée par un ou plusieurs utilisateurs. Le troisième point engendre d&#8217;autres conséquences : En exprimant son souci, l&#8217;utilisateur met en [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Dans un réseau ,  il est souvent difficile de diagnostiquer un problème de performance :</p>
<ol>
<li>Pas ou peu de messages d&#8217;erreur</li>
<li>Pas de changement de comportement</li>
<li> L&#8217;évaluation se fait sur l&#8217;expression d&#8217;une &#8220;impression de lenteur&#8221; manifestée par un ou plusieurs utilisateurs.</li>
</ol>
<p>Le troisième point engendre d&#8217;autres conséquences :</p>
<ul>
<li>En exprimant son souci, l&#8217;utilisateur met en accusation un élément du réseau, voire de la totalité du réseau.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Cette évaluation subjective peut amener un conflit entre l&#8217;utilisateur et l&#8217;administrateur sur la gravité / véracité du problème.  Par exemple, l&#8217;administrateur, considérant que le souci n&#8217;empêche pas l&#8217;utilisateur de travailler, peut être amené à allouer une priorité secondaire à la correction de ce problème.</li>
</ul>
<p>Dans l&#8217;exemple ci-dessous, nous montrons un exemple d&#8217;administration de la performance  via SecurActive NSS, permettant à l&#8217;administrateur du réseau de visualiser en quelques secondes sur un graphe, la représentation caractéristique d&#8217;un ralentissement sur un serveur de fichier, et ainsi de confirmer l&#8217;impression de mauvaise performance perçues par les utilisateurs.</p>
<p>Exemple :</p>
<p>Mise en œuvre de la surveillance des performances d&#8217;une application de partage de fichiers (port 445) et consultation des graphes correspondants :</p>
<div id="attachment_385" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 558px"><a href="http://blog.securactive.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/RTTout1.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-385 " title="RTTout" src="http://blog.securactive.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/RTTout1.jpg" alt="" width="548" height="373" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Pic de RTT sortant</p></div>
<p style="text-align: center;">
<p>Dans graphe ci-dessous, le pic correspond au RTT sortant (pour rappel : cette métrique &#8220;RTT sortant&#8221; permet d&#8217;illustrer les performances par rapport à la latence réseau du coté du client TCP &#8211; émetteur des paquets SYN) .</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">
<div id="attachment_397" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 310px"></p>
<div class="mceTemp mceIEcenter">
<dl id="attachment_699" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 310px;">
<dt class="wp-caption-dt"><a rel="attachment wp-att-699" href="http://blog.securactive.net/?attachment_id=699"><img class="size-medium wp-image-699 " title="RTT-sortant" src="http://blog.securactive.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/RTT-sortant-300x190.png" alt="Descriptif RTT Sortant" width="300" height="190" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Descriptif RTT Sortant</p></div>
</dt>
<dd class="wp-caption-dd">Mesure du RTT sortant</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<p style="text-align: center;">
<p>En visualisant  la liste des flux ayant généré ce graphe, il est possible de disposer des adresses IP clientes (en cliquant dans le graphe à l&#8217;endroit exact du problème).<br />
L&#8217;administrateur dispose à partir de ce moment là, des informations de latence et les adresses IP concernées par les ralentissements.</p>
<p>Il est donc à même d&#8217;évaluer les dires et ressentiments de ses utilisateurs, en quelques secondes &#8230;</p>
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		<title>How SecurActive &amp; ICMP can help you manage your network!</title>
		<link>http://blog.securactive.net/?p=350</link>
		<comments>http://blog.securactive.net/?p=350#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 22 Mar 2010 11:01:20 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Content in English]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Network Analysis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Network security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ICMP]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Network unreachable]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Port unreachable]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Traceroute]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.securactive.net/?p=350</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[ICMP, network administration &#38; security monitoring What is ICMP? ICMP stands for Internet Control Message Protocol and is also a common IP transport protocol. It seems pretty explicit, although most people reduce ICMP to ping reply commands, a good way to test whether a host can be reached through a network and how much it [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h2>ICMP, network administration &amp; security monitoring</h2>
<h3>What is ICMP?</h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;">ICMP stands for Internet Control Message Protocol and is also a common IP transport protocol. It seems pretty explicit, although most people reduce ICMP to ping reply commands, a good way to test whether a host can be reached through a network and how much it takes for a packet to make a round trip through the network…<br />
Obviously ping and trace-route-like tools are very useful for network administrators… but there is much more to say about ICMP and the help it can provide for network administration &amp; diagnosis.<br />
In total, ICMP can be used to send more than twenty types of control messages. Some are just messages, some others are a way for IP devices or routers to indicate the occurrence of an error. You can get a full list of existing ICMP messages on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Control_Message_Protocol</p>
<h3>How does ICMP work?</h3>
<h4>Ping</h4>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Ping is the simplest command using ICMP messages (echo request); it sends towards a network address an echo request packet (or DNS name, which will be resolved into an IP address). The destination can then send back an echo reply packet. The request sender will then be able to know whether the destination is reachable through ICMP or not and get an evaluation of the time required for the ICMP message to make the round trip to the destination. Ping is frequently used to test the availability of a host and to evaluate the network response time. The time-to-live indicated corresponds to the original TTL of the sender minus the number of hops that was necessary to reach the destination. For instance, hereunder the original TTL is 64 (see sniffer screenshot), which means that the ICMP message went through 10 routers (64-54) to reach www.google.com.</p>
<p>xxx@xxx:~$ ping www.google.com PING www.l.google.com (209.85.227.103) 56(84) bytes of data.<br />
64 bytes from wy-in-f103.google.com (209.85.227.103): icmp_seq=1 ttl=54 time=12.9 ms<br />
64 bytes from wy-in-f103.google.com (209.85.227.103): icmp_seq=2 ttl=54 time=12.5 ms<br />
64 bytes from wy-in-f103.google.com (209.85.227.103): icmp_seq=3 ttl=54 time=11.9 ms<br />
64 bytes from wy-in-f103.google.com (209.85.227.103): icmp_seq=4 ttl=54 time=12.4 ms<br />
64 bytes from wy-in-f103.google.com (209.85.227.103): icmp_seq=5 ttl=54 time=12.4 ms<br />
64 bytes from wy-in-f103.google.com (209.85.227.103): icmp_seq=6 ttl=54 time=13.1 ms<br />
64 bytes from wy-in-f103.google.com (209.85.227.103): icmp_seq=7 ttl=54 time=12.4 ms</p>
<h4>Traceroute</h4>
<p style="text-align: justify;">A traceroute is a command (it can traceroute or tracert according to the system which is used) that sends a sequence of ICMP packets with a TTL value which is incremented by one each time. This means that the first packet (TTL = 1) will reach the first router, which will send back an ICMP packet, and the second one (TTL = 2) will reach the second router, which …. and so on. The result will be the list of routers or hops to reach the destination with a response time for each:</p>
<p>traceroute to www.google.fr (209.85.227.99), 30 hops max, 40 byte packets<br />
1 fw1.prod.securactive.lan (192.168.xxx.xxx) 0.234 ms 0.430 ms 0.421 ms<br />
2 82.227.168.254 (82.227.168.254) 6.147 ms 7.136 ms 8.125 ms<br />
3 * * *<br />
4 bzn-crs16-1-be1010.intf.routers.proxad.net (212.27.50.170) 11.576 ms 12.066 ms 13.054 ms<br />
5 cbv-6k-1-po20.intf.routers.proxad.net (212.27.50.190) 14.044 ms * *<br />
6 74.125.50.117 (74.125.50.117) 16.506 ms 15.625 ms 16.514 ms<br />
7 209.85.250.142 (209.85.250.142) 56.473 ms 50.894 ms 50.417 ms<br />
8 209.85.243.111 (209.85.243.111) 21.928 ms 216.239.43.233 (216.239.43.233) 14.945 ms 209.85.243.111 (209.85.243.111) 19.445 ms<br />
9 216.239.49.45 (216.239.49.45) 15.953 ms 14.959 ms 209.85.252.83 (209.85.252.83) 12.945 ms<br />
10 209.85.243.93 (209.85.243.93) 25.932 ms 209.85.243.97 (209.85.243.97) 13.450 ms 209.85.243.89 (209.85.243.89) 16.446 ms<br />
11 wy-in-f99.google.com (209.85.227.99) 14.940 ms 13.429 ms 15.455 ms</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Traceroute can help you understand what the route to a certain destination is and eventually where the response time or packet loss can take place.</p>
<h2>Error messages</h2>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Let’s describe the most typical ICMP error messages you can find on networks.</p>
<h3>ICMP Network Unreachable</h3>
<h4>Context</h4>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Let’s take the simplest example: one machine sitting on a LAN (192.168.0.7), has one default gateway (192.168.0.254), which is the router. It is trying to reach a server, which does not sit on the LAN (10.1.0.250) and which cannot be reached, because 192.168.0.254 does not know how to route this traffic.</p>
<p>xxxxx:~$ ifconfig eth0<br />
Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:21:70:ba:52:ab inet adr:192.168.0.7<br />
Bcast:192.168.0.255  Masque:255.255.255.0 adr inet6: fe80::221:70ff:feba:52ab/64 Scope:Lien<br />
&#8230;<br />
traceroute to www.google.com (209.85.229.106), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets<br />
1  192.168.0.254 (192.168.0.254)  1.435 ms  1.717 ms  2.031 ms<br />
2  88.189.126.254 (88.189.126.254)  28.478 ms  39.345 ms  39.342 ms<br />
3  * * *<br />
…..<br />
11  ww-in-f106.google.com (209.85.229.106)  79.061 ms  68.128 ms  79.744 ms</p>
<p>PING 10.1.0.250 (10.1.0.250) 56(84) bytes of data. &#8212;<br />
10.1.0.250 ping statistics &#8212;<br />
47 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 46327ms</p>
<p>Step 1:</p>
<div id="attachment_382" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 501px"><a href="http://blog.securactive.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/ICMPv0.2html_html_m32ffbedb.png"><img class="size-full wp-image-382 " title="ICMPv0.2html_html_m32ffbedb" src="http://blog.securactive.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/ICMPv0.2html_html_m32ffbedb.png" alt="" width="491" height="369" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Step 1: Network unreachable</p></div>
<p>Step 2:</p>
<div id="attachment_383" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 496px"><a href="http://blog.securactive.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/ICMPv0.2html_html_1c4073c6.png"><img class="size-full wp-image-383 " title="ICMPv0.2html_html_1c4073c6" src="http://blog.securactive.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/ICMPv0.2html_html_1c4073c6.png" alt="" width="486" height="368" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Step 2: Network unreachable</p></div>
<p>Step 3:</p>
<div id="attachment_384" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 492px"><a href="http://blog.securactive.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/ICMPv0.2html_html_4e163ba4.png"><img class="size-full wp-image-384 " title="ICMPv0.2html_html_4e163ba4" src="http://blog.securactive.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/ICMPv0.2html_html_4e163ba4.png" alt="" width="482" height="363" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Step 3: Network unrechable</p></div>
<h3>ICMP Host Unreachable</h3>
<h4>Context</h4>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Let’s take the simplest example: one machine sitting on a LAN (10.1.2.23), has one default gateway (10.1.2.254/24), which is the router. It is trying to reach a server, which does not sit on the LAN (192.168.1.15). The traffic flows and reaches the last router before the server (192.168.1.254/24; this router cannot reach 192.168.1.15 (because it is unplugged, down or it does not exist).</p>
<p>Step 1:</p>
<div id="attachment_399" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 458px"><a href="http://blog.securactive.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/ICMPv0.2html_html_16d5dae61.png"><img class="size-full wp-image-399 " title="ICMPv0.2html_html_16d5dae6" src="http://blog.securactive.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/ICMPv0.2html_html_16d5dae61.png" alt="" width="448" height="380" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Step 1: Host unreachable</p></div>
<p>Step 2:</p>
<div id="attachment_401" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 441px"><a href="http://blog.securactive.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/ICMPv0.2html_html_17ccfaba1.png"><img class="size-full wp-image-401 " title="ICMPv0.2html_html_17ccfaba" src="http://blog.securactive.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/ICMPv0.2html_html_17ccfaba1.png" alt="" width="431" height="382" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Step 2: Host unreachable</p></div>
<p>Step 3:</p>
<p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span><strong><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<div id="attachment_409" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 431px"><a href="http://blog.securactive.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/ICMPv0.2html_html_6c1104c12.png"><img class="size-full wp-image-409 " title="ICMPv0.2html_html_6c1104c1" src="http://blog.securactive.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/ICMPv0.2html_html_6c1104c12.png" alt="" width="421" height="399" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Step 3: Host unreachable</p></div>
<h3>ICMP Port Unreachable</h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Let’s take a second example: one machine sitting on a LAN (192.168.0.7). It is trying to reach a server 192.168.0.254, which sits on the LAN on port UDP 4000, on which the server does not respond.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span><strong><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><strong><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></strong></span></p>
<p><strong> </strong></p>
<p><strong> </strong></p>
<p><strong> </strong></p>
<p><strong></p>
<div id="attachment_425" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 428px"><a href="http://blog.securactive.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/ICMPv0.2html_html_m781866642.png"><img class="size-full wp-image-425 " title="ICMPv0.2html_html_m78186664" src="http://blog.securactive.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/ICMPv0.2html_html_m781866642.png" alt="" width="418" height="319" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">ICMP Port unreachable</p></div>
<p></strong></p>
<h2>All the information you can find in an ICMP error message!</h2>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Provided you are used to analying traffic with a sniffer, this looks quite explicit: in the ICMP part of the payload of an ICMP error packet, you can find all the information required to understand which flow triggered the error. Of course, you can read the type and code of the ICMP error, but you can also find the IP source and destination of the error, as well as protocol, source &amp; destination ports.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
<div id="attachment_416" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 546px"><a href="http://blog.securactive.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/ICMPv0.2html_html_1a846545.png"><img class="size-full wp-image-416  " title="ICMPv0.2html_html_1a846545" src="http://blog.securactive.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/ICMPv0.2html_html_1a846545.png" alt="" width="536" height="314" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">ICMP Network capture</p></div>
<h3>Where is the challenge with ICMP?</h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;">You may be tempted to say: if it is that simple, why do we need on top of any sniffer? All the information sits in the payload…<br />
But in every network, you will find some ICMP errors… they may be due to a user trying to connect to a bad destination, or trying to reach a server on the wrong port… The key is in having a global view of how many errors you have normally and currently and from where to where. The key to leveraging ICMP information is in having a relevant view of it and understanding what it means.</p>
<h3>How can ICMP help on network diagnostic and security monitoring?</h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;">From the explanation here above, we can keep in mind that by analysing ICMP errors we can be identify machines that try to connect networks or machines, that are routable from the LAN’s machine or ones that try to connect on actual servers but for services whose ports are not open.<br />
Here are some examples of phenomena that can be identified that way:</p>
<h3>Misconfigured workstation</h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;">A workstation repeats a large volume of missed attempts to connect to a limited number of servers: it may be that this machine does not belong to the company’s workstations (external consultant on the network, whose laptop is trying to reach common resources on his home network -DNS, printers,…), or it may be the machine of someone coming from a remote site with its own configuration or a machine that has been simply wrongly configured.</p>
<h4>How would we see it?</h4>
<p style="text-align: justify;">A large number of ICMP Host Unreachable errors coming from one or several routers to this machine or this group of machines. The ICMP information contained in the payload of each of these errors would probably show they are trying to reach a certain number of hosts for some services or applications.</p>
<h3>Migration legacy</h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;">A certain number of machines keep requesting DNS resolution to a DNS server which has been migrated (this could be true for any application available on the network). Their users certainly feel worse performance when trying to use these services.</p>
<h4>How would we see it?</h4>
<p style="text-align: justify;">A large number of ICMP Host Unreachable errors coming from one or several routers to a group of machines. The ICMP information contained in the payload of each of these errors would probably show they are all trying to reach the previous IP address of a given server.</p>
<h3>Network device misconfiguration</h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;">A router does not have a route configured; some machines are trying to reach some resources, unsuccessfully.</p>
<h4>How would we see it?</h4>
<p style="text-align: justify;">A large number of ICMP Network Unreachable errors coming from one router to many machines. The ICMP information contained in the payload of each of these errors would probably show they are all trying to reach the same network through the same router.</p>
<h3>Port scanning</h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;">A machine is trying to complete a network discovery. It is trying to connect to all servers around to see on which ports they are open.</p>
<h4>How would we see it?</h4>
<p style="text-align: justify;">A large number of ICMP Port Unreachable errors coming from one or several routers corresponding to a single machine (the one which is scanning).</p>
<h3>Spyware / Worms</h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;">An infected machine is trying to propagate its spyware, virus or worm throughout the network; obviously it has no previous knowledge of the network architecture.</p>
<h4>How would we see it?</h4>
<p style="text-align: justify;">A large number of ICMP Host Unreachable errors coming from one or several routers corresponding to a limited number of hosts, trying to reach a large volume of non existing machines on a limited set of ports.</p>
<p>How you could see that in SecurActive NSS in less than 30 seconds!</p>
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